Three papers on the legal foundation of agentic commerce — the conceptual framework, the legal doctrine the courts will apply, and the protocol that answers them.
David Fisher (Integra Ledger) & Bridget McCormack (American Arbitration Association)
The conceptual framework behind LCP. It introduces Trust in Depth — the information-security principle of defense in depth applied to autonomous commerce — composed across four layers: human identity, entity attestation, agreement integrity, and agent authorization.
Bridget McCormack (American Arbitration Association) & David Hoffman (Penn Carey Law) · April 22, 2026
Existing legal doctrine — ratification, apparent authority, negligent control of agents — already binds businesses to the agreements their agents accept. This paper shows why those cases will not resolve cheaply, and why agentic commerce must build its legal infrastructure deliberately, before the disputes arrive.
Bridget McCormack (American Arbitration Association) & David Fisher (Integra Ledger)
An open standard that gives agentic commerce a legal foundation. LCP makes the terms governing any agentic transaction discoverable before the deal, provable afterward, and tied to the law the parties chose to govern it — free to adopt and owned by no one.